The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus supplies the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. The constrictors contract upon the bolus and transmit it down inside the esophagus.Immediately, the bolus of food is attached in the pharynx: The tensor veli palatini is thought to be responsible for eustachian tube function. The stylopharyngeus muscle separated its lower margin from the middle constrictor. Velopharyngeal closure is accomplished through the contraction of several velopharyngeal muscles including the levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, superior pharyngeal constrictor, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, and salpingopharyngeus.More specifically, the nucleus ambiguus in the reticular formation is part of the swallowing center, and it is responsible for generating general somatic efferent signals. Below the base of the skull, a crescent gap occurs above the muscle in which the auditory tube and the levator as well as tensor veli palatini muscles arise. The pharyngeal phase is under autonomic control of the swallowing center located in the lower pons and medulla oblongata of the brainstem. The function of the velopharyngeal mechanism is to create a tight seal between the velum and pharyngeal walls to separate the oral and nasal cavities for.The highest fibres are attached to the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone and the lowest fibres are covered from the middle constrictor.The muscular fibres spread out backwards, and are attached into a raphe outspreading down the posterior wall of the pharynx within the median plane, for the most part.There are two muscular layers of the pharynx: the outer circular layer and the inner longitudinal layer. The pharyngeal constrictor muscle has been shown to have a dual role, in that when pharyngeal airway volume is large, such as during expiration, the muscle. Middle constrictor overlaps the superior. Inferior constrictor overlaps the middle constrictor. Glossopharyngeus part – From the mucous membrane of the Hoor of the mouth. The pharyngeal muscles (involuntary skeletal) push food into the esophagus. Into the median fibrous raphe on the posterior aspect of pharynx.Mylopharyngeus part – From the mylohyoid line of the mandible.Buccopharyngeus part – From the pterygomandibular raphe.The radial effects are dependent on airway. Pterygopharyngeus part – From the inferior half of the posterior border of the medial lamina of the pterygoid process. The results indicate that PC activation stiffens the pharyngeal airway, exerting both radial and axial effects.superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle arises continuously:
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